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Your comprehensive guide to everything Niagara Falls

Quick information

ADDRESS

332 Prospect St, Niagara Falls, NY 14303, USA

Timings

8:30pm–2am




Book your Niagara Falls tickets

Niagara Falls (Canada) Tour with Hornblower cruise & Journey Behind the falls
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2 hr. 30 min.
Guided tour
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CA$118.20
Niagara Falls (Canada) Premium Small group tour with Hornblower Cruise, Journey Behind the falls & Skylon tower
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2 hr. 30 min. - 6 hr. 30 min.
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CA$150.10
From Toronto: Niagara Falls Day Tour, Hornblower Cruise with Lunch & Return Transfers
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8 hr. 30 min.
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CA$195.49
Niagara (Canada) Underground Power Station, Tailrace Tunnel & Skylon Tower Guided Tour
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3 hr.
Guided tour
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CA$67.20

Niagara Falls is a breathtaking natural wonder and collection of three majestic waterfalls spanning the border of Ontario in Canada and New York in the United States. The largest of these is Horseshoe Falls, which straddles the international border. The American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls comprise the rest of this cluster and lie in the US. Over 12 million visitors travel to these Falls annually. 

You can cross the Rainbow Bridge, an iconic steel arch bridge connecting New York and Ontario, to get close to panoramic views and the vibrant nightlife in Canada. Alternatively, you can enjoy up-close encounters and scenic trails in the US—the choice is yours. Whether you’re into chasing rainbows or enjoying boat tours, Niagara Falls promises unforgettable adventures.

The Geology of Niagara Falls: How nature shaped this majestic wonder

Niagara Falls has been shaped by powerful natural forces over thousands of years. About 12,000 years ago, during the last Ice Age, melting glaciers formed the Great Lakes. The water from these lakes carved a path through the steep cliff known as the Niagara Escarpment, creating the spectacular Falls we see today.

The Niagara River plunges into the lower Niagara Gorge before splitting into three waterfalls: Horseshoe Falls, American Falls, and Bridal Veil Falls. Interestingly, the Falls are gradually moving upstream due to erosion—about one foot per year! The rock layers of the Falls narrate a story of ancient seas, tropical climates, and glacial movements. Hard dolostone resists erosion at the base, while the softer shale above wears away, causing chunks to break off and the Falls to retreat.

While Niagara Falls is not the tallest waterfall in the world, what makes it so impressive is the sheer volume of water flowing over the crestline. An astonishing 168,000 cubic meters of water cascades over the Falls every minute. Fossils of ancient creatures like annelids, bryozoans, brachiopods, and mollusks can be found in the gorge, providing a glimpse into the region’s ancient past. 

The Niagara Falls have also played a significant role in shaping the surrounding landscape, with the Niagara River carving out the Niagara Gorge over millions of years. Its geology is a testament to the incredible power and beauty of nature. From its unique combination of height and volume to its rich history and fascinating fossils, Niagara Falls is a natural wonder that will continue to captivate and inspire you long after your visit.

Unveiling the past: The history of Niagara Falls

Niagara Falls has a rich and storied history that spans thousands of years, marked by significant events and milestones:

  • Formation (12,000 years ago): Niagara Falls was formed at the end of the last Ice Age when melting glaciers created the Great Lakes. The water from these lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment, creating the Falls.
  • Indigenous peoples: Long before European settlers arrived, the region was home to indigenous peoples, including the Iroquois and the Neutral Nation, who revered the Falls for their power and beauty.
  • 1604: The earliest European report of Niagara Falls came from French explorer Samuel de Champlain during his first voyage to the New World.
  • 1678: French explorer Father Louis Hennepin was the first known European to witness Niagara Falls firsthand, and he documented and described them in his book A New Discovery in 1697. His accounts sparked interest and curiosity about this natural wonder.
  • Early 19th century: The Falls became a popular destination for travelers. The first known tourist, Theodosia Burr Alston, visited in 1801. By the mid-1800s, the Falls were a major attraction, drawing visitors from around the world.
  • 1848: The Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge, designed by Charles Ellet Jr., was completed, connecting the US and Canada. This bridge paved the way for increased tourism and commerce.
  • 1870s: The power of the Falls was used for industrialization. The construction of hydroelectric power plants began, with the first one built in 1881.
  • 1896: Nikola Tesla developed the alternating current system, allowing for the transmission of hydroelectric power generated along the Niagara River to homes and businesses.
  • 1901: On 24 October, Annie Edson Taylor became the first person to survive a trip over the Falls in a barrel, beginning a long tradition of daredevil stunts.
  • 1927: The city of Niagara Falls annexed the village of La Salle, expanding its boundaries and further consolidating its position as a key industrial and tourist hub in the region.
  • 1969: The US Army Corps of Engineers diverted the American Falls to study erosion, stopping the water flow for several months. This allowed scientists to examine the geological structure of the Falls.

Things to do in Niagara Falls

Canada

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Journey Behind the Falls

Take a guided tour through tunnels behind the Falls and experience the roar of the water up close.

Hornblower Niagara Cruises

Take a boat tour of the Falls and enjoy the stunning views from the water.

Niagara Parks Power Station

Explore the historic power station and learn about its role in the development of hydroelectricity.

Skylon Tower

Dine or simply take in the panoramic views from this towering landmark overlooking the Falls.

Table Rock Welcome Centre

Explore the history and geology of the Falls at this interactive center.

Clifton Hill

Enjoy a lively street packed with attractions, restaurants, and entertainment options.

Niagara Parks Botanical Gardens

Stroll through beautifully manicured gardens, including a butterfly conservatory with hundreds of butterflies from around the world.

Queen Victoria Park

This beautiful park offers stunning views of the Falls and is a popular spot for picnics and relaxation.

Whirlpool Aerocar

Take a thrilling ride over the Niagara Gorge and witness the power of the Niagara River.

Floral Clock

Visit this iconic clock, built in 1950, and enjoy the beautiful gardens surrounding it.

Niagara Falls History Museum

Explore the region’s rich history at this museum, which offers free admission on Thursdays.

Dufferin Islands

Enjoy a peaceful day of picnicking and exploring these beautiful islands in the Niagara River.

Niagara Helicopters

Take a thrilling helicopter tour over the Falls and experience the breathtaking views from a new perspective.

Zipline Niagara

Feel the rush of flying over the Niagara River on this exciting zipline adventure.

Niagara Skywheel

Take a ride on this giant Ferris wheel for panoramic views of the city and the Falls.

USA

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Maid of the Mist

Experience the iconic boat ride that takes you up close to the roaring Falls.

Cave of the Winds

Walk along wooden pathways right next to the Bridal Veil Falls for a thrilling adventure.

Niagara Falls State Park

Explore the oldest state park in the US, which offers scenic hiking trails, picnic areas, and stunning vistas.

Observation Tower

Get a bird’s-eye view of the Falls and surrounding area from this towering structure.

Niagara Gorge Trail

Enjoy a hike through the beautiful gorge with its rugged cliffs and flowing river.

Devil’s Hole State Park

Venture out on hiking trails and take in scenic views of the Niagara Gorge at this park.

Escape Niagara

Challenge yourself with an escape room experience that will test your problem-solving skills.

Aquarium of Niagara

Get up close to the fascinating world of marine life at this popular aquarium.

Niagara River & the Great Lakes

Niagara River

  • Geography: The river begins at the eastern end of Lake Erie and winds toward Lake Ontario, creating a natural divide between the US and Canada.
  • Niagara Falls: About halfway along its course, the river plunges over the Niagara Escarpment, forming the iconic Niagara Falls. This dramatic drop includes Horseshoe Falls, American Falls, and Bridal Veil Falls.
  • Hydroelectric power: The river’s powerful flow has been used for over a century to generate hydroelectric power, providing electricity to millions of homes in both countries.
  • Biodiversity: The Niagara River supports a rich ecosystem, home to numerous fish species and a critical habitat for migratory birds.

The Great Lakes connection

The Niagara River is an integral part of the Great Lakes system, including Lake Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. These lakes hold about 20% of the world’s fresh surface water.

Hydrological system: Lake Superior's water flows through Lake Michigan and Huron before reaching Lake Erie. From there, it travels down the Niagara River, over Niagara Falls, and into Lake Ontario. This water eventually makes its way to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River.
Ecological importance: The Great Lakes and the Niagara River form a crucial freshwater system that supports diverse ecosystems and provides drinking water to millions.

Fun facts:

  • Volume: Around 168,000 cubic meters of water flow over Niagara Falls every minute.
  • Age: The Great Lakes are relatively young in terms of geology, having been formed about 12,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age.
  • Navigation: The Welland Canal, part of the St. Lawrence Seaway, allows ships to bypass Niagara Falls, making the Great Lakes a major navigation route for shipping.

The Niagara River and the Great Lakes are more than just geographical features; they are vital lifelines that have shaped the surrounding regions' history, economy, and environment. Their interconnected waters continue to inspire awe and provide essential resources to both the US and Canada.

Frequently asked questions about Niagara Falls

What is the best time to visit Niagara Falls?

The best time to visit the Falls is from late spring to early fall (May to September) when the weather is warm and all the attractions are open. Summer months offer the most vibrant experience, with longer days and numerous events.

How can I see the Falls at night?

Yes, you can. The Falls are beautifully illuminated every night, creating a spectacular display of colors. Special fireworks shows are also held on select evenings, offering a magical nighttime experience.

Do I need a passport to visit both sides of the Falls?

Yes, if you want to visit the American and Canadian sides of the Falls, you will need a valid passport. Border crossings between the US and Canada require proper identification.

Are there any boat tours available to see the Falls up close?

Yes, boat tours are a popular way to experience the Falls up close. On the US side, the Maid of the Mist offers iconic tours, while the Canadian side features Hornblower Niagara Cruises.

Is Niagara Falls accessible for people with disabilities?

Yes, both the American and Canadian sides have made significant efforts to ensure accessibility. There are ramps, elevators, and viewing areas designed to accommodate visitors with disabilities.

What are some free activities at Niagara Falls?

You can enjoy several free activities, such as walking through Niagara Falls State Park on the US side, exploring Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side, and watching the nightly illumination of the Falls.

Can you swim in the Niagara River?

Swimming in the river, especially near the Falls, is extremely dangerous and strictly prohibited due to the strong currents and treacherous conditions. 

Are there any annual events or festivals at Niagara Falls?

Yes, the Falls host various annual events and festivals, including the Winter Festival of Lights that features stunning light displays, and summer music and food festivals.

Does Niagara Falls ever freeze over?

While water flow over the Falls can reduce in winter, they do not completely freeze over. There’s been only one such incident, which was recorded in 1848.

Do I need to pay to see the Falls?

There is no fee to view the Falls, making it accessible to everyone all year round.

Where is the best place to view the Falls?

The best vantage points to view the Falls include Niagara Falls State Park and the Niagara Parkway.

Can you use US currency at the attractions at the Falls?

While some places may accept US currency, having Canadian dollars for transactions is advisable.

Are reservations required in advance for attractions at the Falls?

Prior booking is recommended for attractions, like Skylon Tower, Clifton Hill, and Niagara Parks Floral Showhouse, among others, especially during peak tourist season.